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People often claim that Judaism today is based on the Talmud, which didn’t even exist in Jesus’ time, and that it was written mainly as a response to him. But that doesn’t hold up when you look at the actual history and the text. The full Talmud wasn’t redacted until centuries after Jesus, yet the rabbis of his day were already transmitting the oral law and interpreting the Torah — the Talmud is simply the written form of that tradition. Out of millions of words, there are only about a dozen passages that could be read as references to Christianity or Jesus, and many of those are ambiguous or later additions. By contrast, entire tractates like Avodah Zarah are devoted to condemning idolatry, with hundreds of passages targeting paganism. If the Talmud were really just a reaction to Christianity, you’d expect Christianity to dominate its pages. Instead, it shows up as a minor offshoot — a handful of barbed lines — while paganism is condemned relentlessly throughout. That’s the historical reality: Judaism has always defined itself in contrast to idolatry first and foremost. Christianity is a footnote in the Talmud, not the center of it.

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