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EARTH-MOON-SUN TELECONNECTIONS: SEA ICE CLIMATOLOGY - POLAR SEA ICE AREA EXTENTS SUMMARIES: WEEK 5, 2025 From the Geodesy Operations Office, and CodeReco_ https://www.twitch.tv/codereco_ #earth #arctic_ocean #southern_ocean sea_ice_areas #geodesy #geophysics #climatology #meteorology Keyword: Resonance. Featured Online Video: https://www.twitch.tv/videos/2370609968 For 1 February 2025. Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Area Extent: 13.4717 million square kilometers (-0.1680 million square kilometers weekly decrease, 1.2%. Southern Ocean (a.k.a. Antarctic) Sea Ice Area Extent: 3.0473 million square kilometers (-0.6388 million square kilometers weekly decrease, 17.3%. Synopsis The area sea ice extents are to first-order controlled by the saline freezing/thawing temperature (a few degrees below 0 C at the surface), direct solar radiation, atmosphere-cloud long wave (i.e. infrared) radiation and the dynamics of the near-surface atmosphere winds and the below-surface ocean currents. In the very short time-series derived by satellite microwave sensors/algorithms we find spectral phase and power of many well known atmospheric cycles/patterns, the lunar nodal cycle and the components of Polar Motion, i.e. the variations of the Earth’s rotation axis, known as the Annual and Chandler Wobbles. We have now added a new feature for reference, the 0 C isotherm of the ocean surface. This comes from the NASA/NOAA Global Forecast System, an assimilation forecast system with both daily observations and physical models for currents/winds and meteorology. The Arctic 0 C isotherm is not very accurate nor precise given the exceptional influences of the coastal topography of the Eurasian and North American Plates which affects many parameters of the energy balance. In general sea ice will freeze and grow when the surface temperature is near -3 C, due to salinity. So the satellite-sensor ice area extents of the water beneath is near -3 C. The situation for the Southern Ocean is much simpler with regard to the 0 C isotherm and the -3 C freezing regime, and visually simpler. So there is much better agreement in general of the forecast model to reality. In both cases the surface water isotherms are themselves not fixed in position and will contract (summer) and expand (winter) with latitude and time and the physics of surface atmosphere and winds, currents, and the incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes. The other facts we need to keep in mind is that Earth has two summers and two winters offset by about a half year. When the northern hemisphere is in ‘Summer’ the southern hemisphere is in ‘Winter’; due to the tilt of the Earth’s Geocenter axis and the ellipticity of the Earth’s orbit of the Sun. Equally important is that the Earth has two ‘rotation’ axes; the Geocenter Axis, our ~24 hr day, and the Gravity Center Axis, ‘The Barycenter’ which is offset away from the Geocenter Axis in Earth’s mantle by about 4500 km, or about 2000 km below the Earth’s surface. One more thing. The Earth has two ‘months’, every month depending on how the ‘day’ is counted. The Sidereal Month is ~27.3 days long relative to the stars and the Synodic Month is ~29.53 days relative to the Moon. And both change in time as the years progress to decades and then to centuries! This particular variance is due to the Earth and Solar System orbiting the Galactic Core of the galaxy. Ref.s: Muskett, R.R. (2021) GRACE, the Chandler Wobble and Interpretations of Terrestrial Water Transient Storage. International Journal of Geosciences, 12, 102-120. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2021.122007 Muskett, R.R. (2011) Non-stationary drives of polar sea ice area. Natural Science, 3 (5), 351258. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2011.35047 Yang, Y., Song, X. (2023) Multidecadal variation of the Earth’s inner-core rotation. Nature Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01112-z Credits: Data, 1978-2016 National Snow & Ice Data Center, U. Colorado. 2017-2024 Arctic Data Archive System, ViSHOP. Sunspot Time Series 1700 - 2024, WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels Images Other Than GOO’s, Northern & Southern Hemisphere Sea Ice, Snow Cover & 0 C, GFS Daily Averages From Climate Reanalyzer Climate Change Institute U. Maine. Earth & Moon, 9 September 2024, JANUS Camera, Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, European Space Agency.

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